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"The cranberry's proanthocyanidins are structurally different than the proanthocyanidins found in the other plant foods tested, which may explain why cranberry has unique bacterial anti-adhesion activity and helps to maintain urinary tract health," Howell says. Best of all, new research seems to point to the use of cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections in the first place." - Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S., The Most Effective Natural Cures on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth about What Treatments Work and Why (Get the book.)

"Quick Tip: It's been discovered that the cranberry's proanthocyanidins (antioxidants) are structurally different than the proanthocyanidins found in the other plant foods tested. This explains cranberry's unique, bacterial anti-adhesion activity, helping to maintain urinary tract health._ Where to buy it: At the grocery store as frozen cranberries, frozen juice or as ready-made juice. How much to drink/eat: Drinking as little as % ounce has proven beneficial; a recommended amount is a six ounce serving daily." - Jan Lovejoy, Get Balanced-the Natural Way to Better Health with Superfoods (Get the book.)

"Weiss also recommends bioflavonoids, or proanthocyanidins. These powerful antioxidant compounds are found in many plants and in red wine. The proanthocyanidins used in supplements come from grape seeds and pine bark. Laboratory studies indicate that, in theory, "proanthocyanidins can trap a variety of free radicals and inhibit the damaging effects of several enzymes, including enzymes that degrade collagen, the body's main connective tissue," says Dr. Weiss. If you're using proanthocyanidins to prevent heart disease, a daily dose of 50 milligrams is enough." - Gale Maleskey, Nature's Medicines : From Asthma to Weight Gain, from Colds to High Cholesterol -- The Most Powerful All-Natural Cures (Get the book.)

"Blueberries also have abundant proanthocyanidins and are, therefore, recommended as well. Current literature discourages the use of vitamin C, as it has not proven to be of benefit. In the postmenopausal population, topical estrogen therapy has also been shown to prevent infection. Due to the prevalence of UTI among women, there is a great impetus to develop new, non-antimicrobial preventative therapies. The most promising current work involves vaccines delivered transvaginally. Multiple applications of the vaccine are required to confer resistance to infection." - Tori Hudson, N.D., Women's Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine: Alternative Therapies and Integrative Medicine for Total Health and Wellness (Get the book.)

"It is unclear what kinds of vacuoles accumulate flavonoids and whether the same type of vacuole accumulates both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (Gruber et al, 1999). If species-specific or end product-specific transport mechanisms exist, they might be due to the existence of specialized vacuoles that accumulate specific flavonoids via the corresponding transporter proteins. Alternatively, they might be due to the temporal, spatial, or developmental expression of the transporter genes." - Erich Grotewold, The Science of Flavonoids (Get the book.) "Analyses of double mutants of ttl2 with other tt mutants and histochemical analyses showed that TT12 was involved in vacuolar accumulation of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat. Cloning and sequencing of TT12 revealed that it encoded a 507-amino acid protein with 12 transmembrane segments. These results suggest that TT12 is a transporter that accumulates proanthocyanidin precursors into vacuoles (Debeaujon et al, 2001)." - Erich Grotewold, The Science of Flavonoids (Get the book.)

"The flavonoids anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins provide color and antioxidant activity to many fruits and vegetables. Often, we can let our eyes guide us to the fruits and vegetables highest in flavonoids-the ones with the most color! You'll find them in these fruits and vegetables. Top fruit sources: Blackberries, cranberries, raspberries, grapes, and elderberries Top vegetable sources: Eggplant and red cabbage Other top sources: Wine and black and green teas BERRIES Who doesn't absolutely love when those beautiful berries start hitting the supermarkets in spring!" - Elaine Magee, Food Synergy: Unleash Hundreds of Powerful Healing Food Combinations to Fight Disease and Live Well (Get the book.)

"Plant compounds called flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and antho-cyanidins are all helpful in the treatment of varicose veins. All seem to help strengthen the delicate walls of the veins and capillaries. Foods richest in these substances include berries (blueberries and blackberries) as well as cherries, grapes, and tea. Add these foods to your diet and take a supplement of grape seed extract, which is rich in these compounds. 4. Vitamin C. Vitamin C in combination with a bioflavonoid called hesperidin has been used in research (often with butcher's broom) with good effect." - Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S., The Most Effective Natural Cures on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth about What Treatments Work and Why (Get the book.)

"CANCER: Multiple studies have found that flavonoid compounds including anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins, found naturally in cranberries, may be able to fight leukemia, breast, lung, colon, and potentially many other types of cancer. HEART DISEASE: Flavonoids may also reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. The flavonoid and phenolic compounds in cranberries have been shown to reduce LDL ("bad") cholesterol, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis, while potentially raising protective HDL ("good") cholesterol." - David W. Grotto, RD, LDN, 101 Foods That Could Save Your Life! (Get the book.) "Cranberries are rich in fiber and are an excellent source of vitamin C and phytonutrients, such as flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (PAC). They contain more phenolic antioxidants than nineteen of the most popular consumed fruits according to a study published in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. Home Remedies A lot of the initial work with cranberries, especially with its role in fighting urinary tract infections (UTIs), was anecdotal. It was mom's advice and she knew it worked. Now research is finding that mothers were right all along!" - David W. Grotto, RD, LDN, 101 Foods That Could Save Your Life! (Get the book.)

"High doses (10 mg per day or more) may cause nervousness, anxiety, and insomnia. proanthocyanidins Increase daily dosage from 80 mg to 380 mg, taken in three divided doses. Do not exceed a daily supplement of 380 mg. Additional Supplements for Impacting Alzheimer's Disease_ The following chart summarizes additional supplements I recommend for individuals who suffer from, or are specifically concerned about, Alzheimer's disease." - Gary Null and Amy McDonald, The Food-Mood Connection: Nutrition-based and Environmental Approaches to Mental Health and Physical Wellbeing (Get the book.)

"Extracts from grape seeds and the bark of the maritime pine tree are high in a group of flavonoids called proanthocyanidins, also called procyanidins. Mixtures of proanthocyanidin molecules are referred to as procyanidolic oligomers (PCO). These commercially prepared extracts of grape seeds and pine bark, or PCO extracts, possess potent antioxidant activity that is far stronger than even vitamin E or vitamin C. In animal studies, PCO extracts have been shown to prevent damage to the arterial lining, lower blood cholesterol levels, and shrink cholesterol deposits in the arteries." - Tori Hudson, N.D., Women's Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine: Alternative Therapies and Integrative Medicine for Total Health and Wellness (Get the book.)

"Quick Tip: It's been discovered that the cranberry's proanthocyanidins (antioxidants) are structurally different than the proanthocyanidins found in the other plant foods tested. This explains cranberry's unique, bacterial anti-adhesion activity, helping to maintain urinary tract health._ Where to buy it: At the grocery store as frozen cranberries, frozen juice or as ready-made juice. How much to drink/eat: Drinking as little as % ounce has proven beneficial; a recommended amount is a six ounce serving daily." - Jan Lovejoy, Get Balanced-the Natural Way to Better Health with Superfoods (Get the book.)

"Hesperidin, quercetin (also in and discussed later), pycnogenol from pine bark, and proanthocyanidins are other popular bioflavonoids. While bioflavonoids are known to be essential in the diet of insects, bioflavonoids are not yet considered essential in the human diet. Proanthocyanidins can exist in a variety of forms, including dimers, trimers, etc.. A collective group of these proanthocyanidins are known as OPC. As the science of nutrition matures, we are finding that some of the "star" nutrients of the past may be just "supporting actors" for the real star nutrients." - Patrick Quillin, Beating Cancer with Nutrition (Get the book.)

"Cranberry Compounds to the Rescue Cranberries contain important plant compounds called proanthocyanidins that are probably responsible for cranberry's remarkably positive effects on urinary tract infections. The bacteria responsible for the majority of UTIs are the ever popular E. coli. An 8 ounce serving of cranberry juice cocktail prevented E. coli from adhering to bladder cells in the urine of six volunteers, according to a study by Amy Howell, Ph.D., research scientist at the Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research at Rutgers University, and Jess Reed, Ph.D." - Jonny Bowden, Ph.D., C.N.S., The Most Effective Natural Cures on Earth: The Surprising, Unbiased Truth about What Treatments Work and Why (Get the book.)

"Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC's): A class of flavonoid complexes found in grape seeds and skin, and dark chocolate, that act as antioxidants. It's proanthocyanidins antioxidant activity plays a role in the stabilization of collagen and maintenance of elastin-two critical proteins in connective tissue that support organs, joints, blood vessels, and muscle. OPCs may help protect against the effects of internal and environmental stresses (that is, cigarette smoking, pollution, and supporting normal body metabolic processes)." - Jan Lovejoy, Get Balanced-the Natural Way to Better Health with Superfoods (Get the book.)

"Foods you will want to include in your diet include things such as: • Soy products of all kinds for the genistein and the isoflavones • Broccoli, brussel sprouts, and kale for the sulforaphane • Garlic and onions for the allyl sulfides • Red grapes (including seeds) for the proanthocyanidins and the resveratrol • Green tea for the polyphenols Miracle Herbs Right now, herbs are "hot." Major companies are going herbal. The AMA is acknowledging the value of some herbs. Herbs are being featured in the cover stories of major magazines such as Time and Newsweek." - Jon Barron, Lessons from The Miracle Doctors: A Step-by-Step Guide to Optimum Health and Relief from Catastrophic Illness (Get the book.)

"They also contain proanthocyanidins, called PACs, that surround harmful bacteria so they can't stick to our insides. The supermarket fruits we eat contain negligible traces of protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol, sodium or fat (except avocados). Some have moderate amounts of dietary fiber. Where fruits excel is in their high levels of vitamins and minerals. Plants, and all fruits, contain a variety of chemicals, called phytonutrients, that are essential to human health. The best way to absorb these nutrients is by eating a rainbow of fruits daily. Colors indicate different benefits." - Adam Leith Gollne, The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession (Get the book.)

"Among these are Vitamins E and C, Beta Carotene, and the proanthocyanidins (including Pycnogenol?. 3. Cutting edge research is continually uncoveting new antioxidants. What Are the Benefits of Antioxidants? • Many scientists now believe that free radicals are the major villain in both aging and disease. The amount of cells destroyed over the years by free radicals is enormous. Free radicals literally "eat away" the major organs of the body. Just one example: the size of a 25 year old's liver is often twice that of a person of 70." - Jon Barron, Lessons from The Miracle Doctors: A Step-by-Step Guide to Optimum Health and Relief from Catastrophic Illness (Get the book.)

"Proanthocyanidins Similar to anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins inhibit collagenase activity in vitro and promote collagen cross-linking and synthesis in vitro. In addition, they scavenge free radicals and inhibit increased vascular permeability, two qualities that are also likely shared by anthocyanins. Due to their effect on collagen synthesis, similar cautions apply to both anthocyanidins and proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins are readily absorbed after oral administration, with peak serum concentrations occurring in 45 minutes." - John Boik, Cancer & Natural Medicine: A Textbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research (Get the book.)

"The importance of the proanthocyanidins in grape seed extract is that they are water soluble and highly bio-available. Above all else, grape seed extract is known as a defender of the circulatory system. It improves peripheral circulation, revives declining capillary activity by up to 140%, and increases vascular response by some 82%. It repairs varicose veins and aids in the prevention of bruising." - Jon Barron, Lessons from The Miracle Doctors: A Step-by-Step Guide to Optimum Health and Relief from Catastrophic Illness (Get the book.) "In green tea, the main proanthocyanidins are the catechins, and the most powerful of the catechins is Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), found in the highest concentration in green tea. Green tea works to prevent tumors from developing the blood vessels they need to survive. It has been shown to inhibit metastasis. And it is the first known natural telomerase inhibitor. That is to say, it eliminates the "immortality" of cancer cells which is their trademark and which makes them so deadly." - Jon Barron, Lessons from The Miracle Doctors: A Step-by-Step Guide to Optimum Health and Relief from Catastrophic Illness (Get the book.)

"Tannins include proanthocyanidins and gallic acid phenolics (the gallo- and ellagi-tannins). They are characterized by their ability to bind with proteins. proanthocyanidins are dimers of flavanols. In France, where much of the basic research on flavanols has taken place, they are termed "procyanidols" or in French "oligomeres procyanidoliques", or OPC. The abbreviation OPC is now used in many countries to refer to proanthocyanidins. The distribution of these compounds vary between plant species." - John Boik, Cancer & Natural Medicine: A Textbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research (Get the book.)

"Grape seed extract with oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) may lower high blood pressure, which can cause heart disease. Q Consuming V4 cup of tomato sauce or three medium-sized tomatoes per day can have a beneficial effect due to lycopene, a natural antioxidant. Harvard University researchers found that middle-aged women who consumed that amount of lycopene were 30 percent less likely to develop heart disease than women who got less lycopene. Q Hawthorn increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure." - Phyllis A. Balch, CNC, Prescription for Nutritional Healing, 4th Edition: A Practical A-to-Z Reference to Drug-Free Remedies Using Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs & Food Supplements (Get the book.)

"Grape seed and pine bark extracts One of the most beneficial groups of plant flavonoids are the proanthocyanidins (also referred to as procyanidins). The most potent proanthocyanidins are those bound to other proanthocyanidins. Collectively, mixtures of proanthocyanidin dimers, trimers, tetramers, and larger molecules are referred to as procyanidolic oligomers, or PCOs for short. Although PCOs exist in many plants as well as in red wine, commercially available sources of PCO include extracts from grape seeds and the bark of the maritime (Landes) pine." - Michael T. Murray, ND, Textbook of Natural Medicine 2nd Edition Volume 2 (Get the book.)

"Herbs that contain high levels of proanthocyanidins, found in grape seed, and catechins, found in green tea, protect blood vessels from toxin damage while improving the structural integrity of the vessels to withstand damage. Pomegranate, high in antioxidant polyphenols, is possibly even stronger than grape seed and green tea. Take 150-300 mg of grape seed, up to 240 ml of pomegranate juice, or drink 3-5 cups of green tea daily. 270 LARYNGITIS DIAGNOSIS Laryngitis is a painful condition that results in inflammation of the voice box, or larynx." - Marshall Editions, 1000 Cures for 200 Ailments: Integrated Alternative and Conventional Treatments for the Most Common Illnesses (Get the book.)

"The main functions of proanthocyanidins are antioxidant (p. 267) activity, stabilization of collagen, and maintenance of elastin—two critical proteins in connective tissue, blood vessels, and muscle.12 Possibly because of their effects on blood vessels, proanthocyanidins have been reported to reduce edema (p. 65) after face-lift surgery from 15.8 to 11.4 days in double-blind research.3 Although proanthocyanidins appear to have antimutagenic activity,4 this research remains very preliminary." - Schuyler W. Lininger, Jr. DC, The Natural Pharmacy: Complete Home Reference to Natural Medicine (Get the book.)

"Leaves yielded proanthocyanidins and also gutta. Roots gave proanthocyanidins consisting of monomeric leucopelargonidin, its monomer, dimer and tetramer. Rootbark contains triterpenoids, mangiferine, phlobatannin, glycosidal tannins and a triterpene ether. On the experimental level, both infusion and decoction of the rootbark exhibited hypoglycaemic activity. In 1 g/kg p.o. dose level on fasting as well as glucose-fed rabbits, the effect was comparable to that of tolbutamide (250 mg/kg). Significant reduction in blood sugar level in 0.5 and 1 g/ kg of the infusion-treated, as well as 0." - C. P. Khare, Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany (Get the book.)

"When buying grape seed extract, be sure to get a brand that says "guaranteed potency with 85 percent proanthocyanidins." Most studies used doses from 150 to 300 mg a day. To maintain good blood vessel strength, I recommend 100 mg a day minimum. In general I divide supplements into those needed for maintenance and those used to treat an existing disease. While the vegetarian diet supplies most of the nutrients, some people will need to be boosted for added protection. Follow the program below that best fits your health needs." - Russell L. Blaylock, M.D., Health and Nutrition Secrets (Get the book.)

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