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Quotes about Phenotype from the world's top natural health / natural living authors

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"The homozygous mutant plants show a reduction in the levels of the DFR transcript and about 50% reduction in anthocyanins in petals, sufficient to result in revertant spots on the pale mutated background (Urbanus and Quattrocchio, unpublished results). The phenotype of this mutant can be explained in one of two ways: either the JAF13 function is partially redundant, or the presence of JAF13 in the protein complex is not necessary, but has an "intensifying" effect on the activity of the complex itself." - Erich Grotewold, The Science of Flavonoids (Get the book.)

"So, in this hypothetical example, if a methyl marker turned off your gene for detached earlobes, your phenotype would change— you'd have attached earlobes—but your genotype would remain the same. You'd still have the gene for detached earlobes to pass on to your children in either the on or off state; it would just be deactivated in you.) According to the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, fetuses that experience poor nutrition develop "thrifty" metabolisms that are much more efficient at hoarding energy." - Dr. Sharon Moalem, Survival of the Sickest: A Medical Maverick Discovers Why We Need Disease (Get the book.)

"The direct effect of the white flowers produced by these two mutations on the mating system, and thus the direct fitness effects of the white phenotype, are very similar (Brown and Clegg, 1984; Rausher et al, 1983; Fehr and Rausher, 2004). Pleiotropic effects differ substantially, however." - Erich Grotewold, The Science of Flavonoids (Get the book.)

"He re-analyzed the data and determined: "These results indicate that when studies largely influenced by inclusion of people with skin phenotype 1 [light-skinned non-tanners] without adjustment for skin phenotype are removed from the meta-analysis, no significant relation is found between tanning bed use and risk of CMM [cutaneous malignant melanoma]." Several studies between 2003 and 2008 showed mixed results. One of the latest studies showed no significant increase in melanoma with tanning bed use." - Marc Sorenson, Solar Power For Optimal Health (Get the book.)

"In a few cases, such as the evolution of red flowers in hummingbird-pollinated Ipomoea, it is clear that pathway inactivation was the mechanism of natural selection used to produce an adaptive phenotype. In most other cases, however, it remains to be determined whether pathway inactivation arises from fixation of neutral inactivating mutations by genetic drift when certain flavonoids are no longer needed or whether selection actually turns off the pathway. In either case, however, loss of function is likely to constrain the possible directions in which future evolutionary change can occur. 8." - Erich Grotewold, The Science of Flavonoids (Get the book.)

"The information from this comprehensive approach drives us to the following conclusions: Efflux defects are frequent in low-HDL syndromes, but the majority of HDL-deficient subjects with cellular cholesterol efflux defects do not harbor ABC A1 mutations, suggesting that unidentified pathways are responsible for their phenotype. The understanding of the molecular basis for HDL deficiency is crucial to using this information for CVD prevention and the development of new therapeutic targets." - Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey, Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease (Get the book.) "Other confoun-ders are gene-gene interactions, requiring mutations in two or even three independent genes to have the phenotype expressed and gene-environment interactions such as the necessity of a high-fat diet for obesity to develop. Also, in comparing gene-targeted models to wild type, it must not be overlooked that the source of DNA surrounding the altered gene generally began as a 129-strain embryonic stem cell. The deletion model retains 129-strain alleles linked to the altered gene no matter how many generations the mice are crossed to a background strain." - Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey, Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease (Get the book.) "However, the Mendelian, nonsyndromic obesity disorders are not so easily diagnosed, because obesity is often the only apparent phenotype, and clinical assays for known obesity gene mutations are currently not practical. It is estimated that 2% to 7% of morbidly obese patients have mutations in MC4R [89-92], 3% have mutations in PPAR^f [77, 93], and an unknown but smaller percentage have mutations in other obesity genes, including POMC [94] and NTRK2 [30]." - Ann M. Coulston and Carol J. Boushey, Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease (Get the book.)

"In other words, the same "schizophrenia phenotype" utilized in the search for genes is used for marker searches as well. According to schizophrenia researchers M. F. Egan and colleagues, "Most studies of intermediate phenotypes begin by looking for a difference between first-degree relatives and controls."3 First-degree relatives of whom? The answer is, of course, of people diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the DSM, that is, the same faulty diagnostic scheme that necessitated the search for biological markers in the first place." - Jay Joseph, The Missing Gene: Psychiatry, Heredity, and the Fruitless Search for Genes (Get the book.)

"Her cardiologist mailed her results as a printout, which included the information that she expressed two copies of the E-4 allele of the ApoE gene, and that this phenotype had been found to be a susceptibility marker for CVD. Concerned by her genetic profile, and unsure what all the jargon meant, the woman went to the library to conduct her own research. Through this she found out that she was not only at risk for cardiovascular disease, she was at more risk to develop Alzheimer's disease than those who have two of the more common ApoE-3 alleles." - Peter J. Whitehouse and Daniel George, The Myth of Alzheimer's: What You Aren't Being Told About Today's Most Dreaded Diagnosis (Get the book.)

"In essence, genotype is analogous to a computer's hard drive. phenotype is the way the genes express themselves, which can vary according to the signaling systems that we give them through our diet and lifestyle. Phenotypic expression is analogous to our software programs. Put a healthy program in, and we get a healthy response. Since 1922, when Frederick Banting and Charles PL Best discovered insulin, which was a great contribution and saved many lives, we have taken a more medical or drug-based approach to the treatment of diabetes." - Gabriel Cousens, There Is a Cure for Diabetes: The Tree of Life 21-Day+ Program (Get the book.)

"Any disease-producing microorganism, pathogenic Capable of causing disease. phenotype The outward, physical manifestation of an organism, placebo Treatment given in a blinded study that has no effect on the outcome of the subjects; commonly referred to as the "nothing treatment" or the "sugar-pill." prebiotic Nondigestible food ingredients that may beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and or metabolic activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon and thus improve health." - Allison Tannis, Probiotic Rescue: How You can use Probiotics to Fight Cholesterol, Cancer, Superbugs, Digestive Complaints and More (Get the book.)

"He re-analyzed the data and determined: "These results indicate that when studies largely influenced by inclusion of people with skin phenotype 1 [light-skinned non-tanners] without adjustment for skin phenotype are removed from the meta-analysis, no significant relation is found between tanning bed use and risk of CMM [cutaneous malignant melanoma]." Several studies between 2003 and 2008 showed mixed results. One of the latest studies showed no significant increase in melanoma with tanning bed use." - Marc Sorenson, Solar Power For Optimal Health (Get the book.)

"Gabriel Cousens, MD, stated in a lecture that there are two types of genetic expression: the genotype, which you are born with and never changes, and the phenotype, which is affected by environment, such as diet and lifestyle. Eighty percent of longevity is dependent on environmental factors, especially what we eat. Only 20% comes from the genotype. What you eat feeds your genes. When you eat the phytochemicals from raw foods, you can turn on the antistress, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory genes." - Susan E. Schenck, The Live Food Factor: The Comprehensive Guide to the Ultimate Diet for Body, Mind, Spirit & Planet (Get the book.)

"In phenotype I, no lactase mRNA or synthesis can be detected. In phenotype II, lactase mRNA is present and synthesis occurs, but is associated with defective processing from the precursor to the mature, active luminal enzyme. Additional phenotypes may exist.31 In phenotype II subjects, accumulation of lactase has been observed by immuno-precipitation and within the Golgi region by immuno- electron microscopy.24 Diarrhea is rarely observed in the hypolactasic adult, presumably due to reduced milk intake and normal colonic salvage." - Reginald C. Tsang, Nutrition During Infancy: Principles and Practice (Get the book.)

"Molecular characterization of a mutable pigmentation phenotype and isolation of the first active transposable element from Sorghum bicolor, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 15330-15335. Chopra, S., Gevens, A., Svabek, C, Wood, K. V., Peterson, T. and Nicholson, R. L., 2002, Excision of the Candystripel transposon from a hyper-mutable Yl-cs allele shows that the sorghum yl gene control the biosynthesis of both 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and phlobaphene pigments, Physiol Mol Plant Path 60: 321-330. Chopra, S., Cocciolone, S. M., Bushman, S., Sangar, V., McMullen, M. D." - Erich Grotewold, The Science of Flavonoids (Get the book.)

"An examination of birth records following the famine is one of the ways Barker confirmed his thrifty netnyi riaaness: t\oaa to me rinai rnenotype 16/ phenotype hypothesis. Women who were in the first six months of pregnancy during the Hongerwinter gave birth to small babies who grew up to be more prone to obesity, coronary disease, and a variety of cancers. Although the results are still controversial, researchers reported an even bigger surprise around twenty years later when their studies indicated that the grandchildren of those women were also born with low birth weights." - Dr. Sharon Moalem, Survival of the Sickest: A Medical Maverick Discovers Why We Need Disease (Get the book.)

"They concluded: "Recent investigations provide converging evidence that a refined phenotype of ADHD/HKD is characterized by reduced size in specific neuroanatomical regions of the frontal lobes and basal ganglia." Nor did they (Swanson presenting) leave any doubt that they were claiming that the brain atrophy was due to ADHD and was the long-sought, biological basis of ADHD. The 14 such studies Swanson and Castellanos reviewed at the Consensus Conference [Hynd et al. (1990)[13], Hynd et al. (1991)[14], Hynd et al. (1993)[15], Giedd et al. (1994) [16], Castellanos et al." - Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D. and Craig Hovey, The ADHD Fraud: How Psychiatry Makes "Patients" of Normal Children (Get the book.)

"Intravenous Cocaine and Heroin Self-Administration in Rats Selectively Bred for Differential Saccharin Intake: phenotype and Sex Differences." Psychopharmacology 161, no. 3 (2002): 304—13. Chocolate Manufacturers Association website, http://www.chocolateusa.org/resources/statistical-infor mation.asp. Colantuoni, Carlo, Pedro Rada, Joseph McCarthy, Caroline Patten, Nicole M. Avena, Andrew Chadeayne, and Bartley G. Hoebel. "Evidence That Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake Causes Endogenous Opioid Dependence." Obesity Research 10, no. 6 (2002): 478-88. Colantuoni, Carlo, J. Schwenker, J." - Connie Bennett, C.H.H.C. with Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D., Sugar Shock!: How Sweets and Simple Carbs Can Derail Your Life-- and How YouCan Get Back on Track (Get the book.)

"It now appears highly likely that a series of growth factors are responsible, at least in part, for the evolution of normal breast epithelia to breast cancer, and that breast cancer cells maintain their malignant phenotype as a result of the effects of these growth factors. These factors include the insulin-like growth factor." Pollak et al, Breast Cancer Res. Treat 22:91-100, 1992 IGF-1 is more mitogenic to breast cells than the highly potent and carcinogenic estradiol. (While distinct from carcinogenesis, mitogenesis is likely to promote malignant transformation induced by estradiol." - Samuel S. Epstein, M.D., What's In Your Milk?: An Exposé of Industry and Government Cover-Up on the Dangers of the Genetically Engineered (rBGH) Milk You're Drinking (Get the book.) "IGF-1 and related growth factors are critically involved in the aberrant growth of human breast cancer cells, and maintain their invasive or metastatic phenotype (43, 53). Of further interest is the fact that IGF-1 plasma concentrations are higher in breast cancer patients than healthy controls: "Even if there is no direct evidence that elevated plasma levels of IGF-1 reflect elevated levels of the growth factor at the tumor level, the possibility exists that increased levels of circulating IGF-1 may contribute to breast tumor growth" (44)." - Samuel S. Epstein, M.D., What's In Your Milk?: An Exposé of Industry and Government Cover-Up on the Dangers of the Genetically Engineered (rBGH) Milk You're Drinking (Get the book.)

"Such is a persistent problem with ADHD and all of biological psychiatry where they continually claim the presence of abnormal genes-genotypes as the cause of psychiatric disorders, where they have yet to confirm the presence of a single physical abnormality/disease/abnormal phenotype. Psychiatry's reason for talking, writing, researching and practicing as though theirs was a biological, medical field is to create illusions of "chemical imbalances"/ "diseases" which, they hope, will justify the "chemical balancers"/ drugs! It is a no less diabolical sham." - Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D. and Craig Hovey, The ADHD Fraud: How Psychiatry Makes "Patients" of Normal Children (Get the book.)

"IGF-1, and related growth factors, have been clearly incriminated in maintaining the malignant phenotype of breast cancer (Lippman, 1992). Finally, contrary to Bier, other authorities also share my concerns on public health risks of IGF-1 in rBST milk. ¦ "...concern arises as to the possibility of abnormal levels of IGF-1 in the milk of rBGH-treated cows and with it consumer health. There should be continual monitoring of milk for residues, especially IGF-1 and IGF-2" (McBride et al, 1988)." - Samuel S. Epstein, M.D., What's In Your Milk?: An Exposé of Industry and Government Cover-Up on the Dangers of the Genetically Engineered (rBGH) Milk You're Drinking (Get the book.)

"Such is a persistent problem with ADHD and all of biological psychiatry where they continually claim the presence of abnormal genes-genotypes as the cause of psychiatric disorders, where they have yet to confirm the presence of a single physical abnormality/disease/abnormal phenotype. Psychiatry's reason for talking, writing, researching and practicing as though theirs was a biological, medical field is to create illusions of "chemical imbalances"/ "diseases" which, they hope, will justify the "chemical balancers"/ drugs! It is a no less diabolical sham." - Fred A. Baughman, Jr., M.D. and Craig Hovey, The ADHD Fraud: How Psychiatry Makes "Patients" of Normal Children (Get the book.)

"It's possible that this effect is analogous to the thrifty phenotype, in which poor maternal nutrition in the early stages of pregnancy leads to the birth of small babies with thrifty metabolisms who have a high tendency to become fat. In this case, there may be an epigenetic change in the father's sperm triggered by the toxins in the smoke the father is inhaling. Those toxins would indicate a difficult environment, so the sperm is ready to create a baby with a thrifty metabolism." - Dr. Sharon Moalem, Survival of the Sickest: A Medical Maverick Discovers Why We Need Disease (Get the book.) "Epigenetics makes the thrifty phenotype hypothesis even more compelling, because it helps us to understand how a mother's eating habits could affect the metabolic makeup of her children. If you're thinking about having a baby, you're probably already asking yourself what you should eat and when during your pregnancy. We don't know enough yet to understand exactly when human fetuses reach epigenetic trigger points. But animal studies suggest the process starts very early." - Dr. Sharon Moalem, Survival of the Sickest: A Medical Maverick Discovers Why We Need Disease (Get the book.)

"Appearances and Essences Another way of looking at the difference between awareness and consciousness is that of appearances versus essences—of phenotype (appearance) versus genotype (generating sources). An approach of appearances is always individual, while that of essences is universal, generating universal laws. Essence is stable while appearances are transient. Essence is historic; appearances are ahistoric. Essences are few; appearances are multitudinous (an endless therapeutic search down the most complex, labyrinthine behaviors)." - Dr. Arthur Janov, Primal Healing: Access the Incredible Power of Feelings to Improve Your Health (Get the book.)

"IGF-1 has also been incriminated in maintaining the malignant phenotype of human breast cancer. The undifferentiated prenatal and infant human breast is particularly susceptible to hormonal influences, so that imprinting by IGF-1 may not only itself constitute a potential breast cancer risk factor, but may also increase the sensitivity of the breast to subsequent unrelated carcinogenic risk factors. Such converging lines of evidence clearly raise unresolved questions on the role of IGF-1 in BST milk as a potential breast canter risk factor." - Samuel S. Epstein, M.D., What's In Your Milk?: An Exposé of Industry and Government Cover-Up on the Dangers of the Genetically Engineered (rBGH) Milk You're Drinking (Get the book.)

"He concluded that magnesium deficiency alters cellular and mitochondrial function and accelerates the senescent phenotype and may promote or exacerbate age-related disease.43 Others interested in the aging process, like Dr. Norman Shealy, have given us much information on the values of transdermal magnesium therapy because his experience is that transdermal application of magnesium chloride alone has the ability to raise an important marker of aging - DHEA levels." - Mark Sircus, Transdermal Magnesium Therapy (Get the book.)

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