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"The botany section of the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, UP., contains specimens of about 5000 species of medicinal plants. Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Bhubaneshwar-751013, Orissa, is maintaining a herbarium which houses 7000 specimens from the Orissa region. Many medicinal plants used in South India are being cultivated in the Herbal Garden of Arya Vaidyasala, Kottakkal-676503, Kerala. Tamil Nadu Farms and Herbal Medicine Corporation Ltd., Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106, takes up cultivation of herbal plants commercially required for the production of herbal drugs." - C. P. Khare, Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany (Get the book.)

"Parapsychol-ogists recognized Backster's contribution and replicated it in a number of independent laboratories, notably that of Alexander Dubrov, a Russian doctor of botany and plant physiology.4 It was even glorified in a best-selling book, The Secret Life of Plants.5 But among the mainstream scientific community, his research was disparaged as ludicrous, largely because he was not a traditional scientist, and he was ridiculed for what became known as "the Backster Effect." - Lynne McTaggart, The Intention Experiment: Using Your Thoughts to Change Your Life and the World (Get the book.)

"Fish and Wildlife Service recently conducted a sting called Operation botany that nabbed a ring of plant smugglers. Regional subdivisions include Closing the Los Angeles Marketplace Pathway (CLAMP) and Florida Interdiction and Smuggling Team (FIST). The FIST comes down hard, raiding suspicious greenhouses (like Richard Wilson's Excalibur Nurseries) with attack dogs and machine guns. The process of importing and exporting fruits is an unceasing stream of forms, e-mails, faxes and other flotsam." - Adam Leith Gollne, The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce and Obsession (Get the book.)

"Some Human Health Aspects of theAvocado Bob Bergh, Department of botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA92521, USA. Solovchenko, Alexei and Schmitz-Eiberger, Michaela. "Significance of skin flavonoids for UV-B-protection in apple fruits." Journal of Experimental botany, Vol. 54, No. 389, pp. 1977-1984, August 1,2003 ?2003 Oxford University Press. 1 Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-2 Moscow 119992, Russia, Department of Horticulture, Bonn University, Auf dem Hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. NutritionData." - Jan Lovejoy, Get Balanced-the Natural Way to Better Health with Superfoods (Get the book.)

"AZ 85282 Phone:(602) 858-9100 Degrees: ND, MA in acupuncture Ethnobotany Programs A comprehensive list of schools offering courses and programs in ethnobotany is available from the Economic botany business office. Economic Botany PO Box 368 Lawrence, KS 66044 E-mail: tflaster@rmi.net Website: http: / /www.econ.bot." - Robert S. McCaleb, Evelyn Leigh, and Krista Morien, The Encyclopedia of Popular Herbs (Get the book.)

"Basic botany, pharmacognosy, and pharmacology basic botany: As it relates to herbals, basic botany, pharmacognosy, and pharmacology basic botany requires the understanding that all plants have Latin binomial names (usually accurate and understood around the world) and numerous common names and synonyms (eg, Cannabis sativa L. or marijuana, pot, ganja). Botanical products therefore should be identified with the proper Latin name and the most common synonym. Secondly, the active principles in a given plant may be found in one or more parts of the plant (eg, seeds, flowers, leaves)." - Ara Dermarderosian, Guide to Popular Natural Products (Get the book.)

"Nonsweet fruits are commonly mistaken for vegetables but are classified in botany as fruits since they bear seeds. These include tomatoes, cucumbers, okra, eggplants, bell peppers, zucchini and squash. Melons include cantaloupe, casaba, crenshaw, honeydew, muskmelon, all other more exotic melons and watermelon (not a true melon). See the food classification chart of each of these fruit categories beginning on page 557 for additional examples. A common beginner mistake is to eat fruits before they have fully ripened." - Susan E. Schenck, The Live Food Factor: The Comprehensive Guide to the Ultimate Diet for Body, Mind, Spirit & Planet (Get the book.)

"Also, only a small number of bioprospecting research expeditions begin by using ethnobotany as a discovery methodology, with the work Dl A MTC nf fkn Cl-M ID \A/TMr\C soon evolving into economic botany as the laboratory focus shifts to the plant's chemistry, biological activity, and pharmacology/ toxicology. During drug discovery, active chemical components are isolated, often modified, and patented. Patented information then becomes a commodity in itself." - Rainer W. Bussmann and Douglas Sharon, Plants of the four winds - The magic and medicinal flora of Peru (Get the book.)

"In botany, when a plant has either a stamen or a pistil on each flower. downy Covered with soft hairs. dromotropic An effect on nerve fiber conduction. dropsy An abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues or cavities usually related to an underlying disease. drupe A one-seeded fruit; as in an olive or a peach. embrocation An external medication applied as a liniment or other liquid form. emmenagogue A substance that renews or stimulates the menstrual flow. endosperm The albumin of the seed. epicalyx An external accessory calyx located outside the true calyx of the flower." - Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition (Get the book.) "In botany, the bark of a tree or the rind of a fruit. febrifuge An agent that counteracts fever; an antipyretic. floret A little flower; one of the small individual flowers that form a cluster or head. flos Flower. fluidextract A hydroalcoholic preparation of a botanical drug where 1 ml of the preparation contains 1 gm of the standard botanical. folium The leaf of a plant. fructus Fruit. furuncle A boil or sore caused by bacterial infection of the subcutaneous tissue. galenic preparation Medications prepared from plants as opposed to refined chemicals." - Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition (Get the book.) "In botany, having a fuzzy surface; covered with soft fine short hairs. raceme An inflorescence where flowers are borne on stalks at an almost equal distance apart along an elongated axis that continues to grow with flowers opening in succession from below. radix The root of a plant. reniform When describing a leaf, kidney or bean shaped. resin An amorphous, solid or semi-solid substance produced by plants usually as a result of terpene oxidation. reticulate Veins, fibers, or lines crossing like a network across the surface of a leaf. rhizome An underground stem." - Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition (Get the book.)

"The Aztec "Chocolate Tree": Cacahuacuauhuitl One of the great works of Renaissance botany was compiled and written by Francisco Hernandez, royal physician and naturalist to that unhappy monarch, Philip II of Spain. Sent by his sovereign in 1570 to the New World in a search for medicinal plants (of which more in Chaptet Four), Hernandez was in Mexico by 1572, remaining there until 1577. His magnum opus on the plants of New Spain (Mexico) contained descriptions of over 3000 species, along with their Nahuatl names, and was illustrated by native artists." - Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe, The True History of Chocolate (Get the book.)

"In botany, the bark of a tree or the rind of a fruit. cotyledon A seed leaf, or the first set of leaves from the embryo in seed plants. crenate In reference to leaf structure, having a margin cut into rounded scallops. cyme An inflorescence where the axes always end in a single flower. DAB Deutsches Arzneibuch (German Pharmacopoeia) deciduous A tree that sheds its leaves at the end of the growing season. decoction A liquid substance prepared by boiling plant parts in water or some other liquid for a period of time." - Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines (Get the book.) "In botany, having a fuzzy surface; covered with soft fine short hairs. raceme An inflorescence where flowers are borne on stalks at an almost equal distance apart along an elongated axis that continues to grow with flowers opening in succession from below. radix The root of a plant. reniform When describing a leaf, kidney or bean shaped. resin An amorphous, solid or semi-solid substance produced by plants usually as a result of terpene oxidation. reticulate Veins, fibers, or lines crossing like a network across the surface of a leaf. rhizome An underground stem." - Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines (Get the book.)

"Huh H & Staba EJ. The botany and chemistry of Ginkgo biloba L. J Herbs Spices Med Plant; 1:91-124. 1992. Irie J, Murata M, & Homma S. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, anacardic acid, from Ginkgo biloba. Biosci Biotech Biochem; 60(2):240-243. 1996. Israel L, Dell'Accio E, Martin G, Hugonot R, Extrait de Ginkgo biloba et exercices d'entra nement de la memoire. Evaluation comparative chez personnes (gees ambulatoi) Res Psychologie Medicinale 19(8): 1431-1439. 1987. Jacobs B & Browner W. Ginkgo biloba: A living fossil. Am J Med; 108:341-342. 2000." - Thomson Healthcare, Inc., PDR for Herbal Medicines, Fourth Edition (Get the book.)

"To properly understand the origin of the cacao tree (Theobroma cacao), and the steps involved in turning its seeds or beans into chocolate, we examine its economic botany and chocolate's chemistry and properties in Chapter One; yet we are fully aware that some of the answers to the continuing puzzle of cacao's origin and domestication may well lie in the future, based on DNA research which is now only in its early stages." - Sophie D. Coe and Michael D. Coe, The True History of Chocolate (Get the book.)

"Journal of Experimental botany, Vol. 54, No. 389, pp. 1977-1984, August 1,2003 ?2003 Oxford University Press. 1 Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-2 Moscow 119992, Russia, Department of Horticulture, Bonn University, Auf dem Hugel 6, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. NutritionData.com, brazil nuts, cashews, pistachio nuts, walnuts and sunflower seeds. NutritionData (ND) provides a complete nutrient analysis for any food or recipe, and helps you select foods that best match your dietary needs." - Jan Lovejoy, Get Balanced-the Natural Way to Better Health with Superfoods (Get the book.) "Quick Facts: It's been found that the phenols in the skin of apples have a hefty dose of UV-B protection, according to a study published in the August 2003 issue of The Journal of Experimental botany. The next time you plan to spend time in the sun, consider taking along a few apples to snack on. Where to buy it: At the grocery store. How much to eat? Taking a sun-filled vacation to Hawaii or the Caribbean? Eat one to two apples a day for sun protection. Remember to bring the sun screen also! Quick Fact: Apples are a part of the rose family, like pears." - Jan Lovejoy, Get Balanced-the Natural Way to Better Health with Superfoods (Get the book.)

"In botany, referring to producing, gathering, or harvesting in the autumn. bitter An alcoholic liquid prepared by maceration or distillation of a bitter herb or herb part that is often used to improve appetite or digestion. blood purification Removal of undesirable agents from the blood. bracteole A small leaf arising from the floral axis. brightening agent A substance added to the active constituents. calculosis The condition or formation of calculi. calyx The outer set of floral leaves consisting of fused or separate sepals. campanuiate Shaped like a bell." - Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines (Get the book.)

"Krause told me she was attempting to breed out those genes left behind in the soil, with the aide of "new gene stock from Uruguay and Argentina" supplied to her by the botany department at Iowa State University. She was hoping to regain the organic integrity of her identity-preserved seed crop and lure back her customers.6 It turns out that Laura Krause is not alone. The Union of Concerned Scientists tested American seed corn in 2004 and detected the presence of at least some levels of genetically engineered material in 50 percent of the samples." - Mark Schapiro, Exposed: The Toxic Chemistry of Everyday Products and What's at Stake for American Power (Get the book.)

"In botany, when a plant has either a stamen or a pistil on each flower. downy Covered with soft hairs. dromotropic An effect on nerve fiber conduction. dropsy An abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues or cavities usually related to an underlying disease. drupe A one-seeded fruit; as in an olive or a peach. embrocation An external medication applied as a hniment or other liquid form. emmenagogue A substance that renews or stimulates the menstrual flow. endosperm The albumin of the seed. epicalyx An external accessory calyx located outside the true calyx of the flower." - Joerg Gruenwald, Ph.D., PDR for Herbal Medicines (Get the book.)

"Singh, Head of the Department of botany at the Annamali University in India discovered that when he played music to the plants at 6 AM for 30 minutes daily, within two weeks the number of stomata on the plant leaf had increased by 66%. Not only were the numbers of stomata increased but also the plants exhibited above average growth and rates of growth. Dr. Singh's conclusion was that he had been able to prove that harmonic sound waves affect the growth, flowering, fruiting and seed-yields of many plants." - James A. Howenstine, A Physician's Guide to Natural Health Products That Work (Get the book.)

"In an article published in Economic botany, Dr. Robert Mendelsohn, an economist at Yale University, and Dr. Michael J. Balick, director of the Institute of Economic botany at the New York Botanical Gardens, estimate the minimum number of pharmaceutical drugs potentially remaining to be extracted from the rainforests. It is staggering! They estimate that there are at least 328 new drugs that still await discovery in the rainforest, with a potential value of $3 billion to $4 billion to a private pharmaceutical company and as much as $147 billion to society as a whole." - Leslie Taylor, ND, The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs: A Guide to Understanding and Using Herbal Medicinals (Get the book.)

"Mythobotany, pharmacology, and chemistry of thujone-containing plants and derivatives', Economic botany 32: 51-58. Altman, P. 1988, 'Australian tea tree oil', Current Drug Information 2: 62-64. Battaglia, S. 1995, The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy, The Perfect Potion (Aust.), Brisbane. Block, E. 1985, 'The chemistry of garlic and onions', Scientific American 252:94-99. Boik, J. 1995, Cancer and Natural Medicine, Oregon Medical Press, Oregon. Bone, K. 1994, 'Kava—a safe herbal treatment for anxiety Part 2', Mediberb Professional Newsletter 39. Bradley, P. R. (ed." - Andrew Pengelly, The Constituents of Medicinal Plants: An Introduction to the Chemistry and Therapeutics of Herbal Medicine (Get the book.)

"Linnaeus, the father of modern botany, gave this plant its official Western botanical name, Rhodiola rosea. In his book, Materia Medica (1749), he mentioned that the herb grew in the Alps and in Lapland. He said that it was a styptic and astringent that was used for people with hernias, leucorrhea (vaginal discharge), dysentery, hysteria, and headaches. Rhodiola was popular with the Vikings, who used it to enhance mental and physical endurance, and it was included in the first Swedish pharmacopoeia in 1755." - David Winston, RH(AHG), and Steven Maimes, Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength, Stamina, and Stress Relief (Get the book.)

"Singh, Director Department of botany, Annamali University, India Decade: 1950s-1960s Study: Singh had an associate play traditional Indian music on a stringed instrument to balsam plants. After five weeks the serenaded plants produced an average of 72 percent more leaves than control plants and had grown 20 percent higher. He then had recorded music played to rice paddies growing in the fields of seven villages. The harvests ranged from 25 to 60% higher than the regional average. He got the same results with peanuts and tobacco." - Jackie Lapin, The Art of Conscious Creation: How You Can Transform the World (Get the book.)

"This book is far more than a pharmaceutical text; it is a branch of natural history including botany, zoology, mineralogy, and metallurgy. Li Shi-Zhen (1552-1578) was a great physician and naturalist. He was born in a physician's family. After three unsuccessful attempts at the higher official examinations, he decided to enter his father's profession. He concentrated on medical studies, and his medical skills soon gained wide recognition among his contemporaries. He wrote a dozen medical works." - Amarjit S. Basra, Handbook of Medicinal Plants (Get the book.) "Yunnan Institute of botany, 1975, Studies on d-8-acetoxycarvotanacetone, a new repellent, Acta Botan Yunnan, (1): 1-14; Luda Hospital, 1978, The clinical observation of Curcuma aromatica on cervical carcinoma, New Med Pharm J, (3): 109-111. 23. Qinghaosu Research Group, 1979, Antimalaria studies on qinghaosu, Chin Med J, 92: 811-816. 24. Liang, X.T., Yu, Q.X., Wu, W.L., and Deng, H.C., 1979, The structure of yingzhaosu A, Acta Chim Sin, 37: 231-240. 25. Yuan, D.J." - Amarjit S. Basra, Handbook of Medicinal Plants (Get the book.) "Rauwolfia: botany, pharmacognosy, chemistiy and pharmacology (Boston, Toronto: Little, Brown and Co., 1957). pp. 109-143.' 49. Original letter is in possession of the authors of this chapter. 50. Klyushnichenko, V.E., Yakimov, S.A., Tuzova. TP., Syagailo, Ya,.V., Kuzov-kina, I.N., Wulfson, A.N., and Miroshnikov, A.I., 1995, Determination of indole alkaloids from R. serpentina and R. vomitoria by high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance Ihin-layer chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 704: 357-362. 51. Lewin, L." - Amarjit S. Basra, Handbook of Medicinal Plants (Get the book.)

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